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KMID : 1001320180450040145
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Social Welfare Policy
2018 Volume.45 No. 4 p.145 ~ p.169
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Did the Korean land reform fail? An exploratory approach in welfare policy
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Jung Chang-Lyul
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Abstract
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Although the Korean land reform in 1950s was a revolutionary process of distribution system in capitalism, it has seldom been dealt in the welfare history perspective. This study examines the Korean land reform in the distribution design, outcome and process aspects. In the distribution design aspect, it was very progressively redistributional because the maximum ceiling was low and because compensation and repayment rules are the more advantageous for tenant farmers than landowners. In the outcome aspect, it had reduced inequality in land ownership dramatically and, the land ownership in Korea directly after the land reform was the most equal in the world. In the process aspect, the land reform in the 1950s was very universal to cover the nearly all farmers but, after the reform the government was passive to protect the ownership for the new independent farmers and to increase productivity for farming. Therefore, the evaluation that Korean welfare in 1950s was dependent on foreign supports is still effective but, the Korean land reform should not be omitted in the Korean welfare development research because it generated the revolutionary change in distribution system.
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KEYWORD
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land reform, distributional system, maximum ceiling in land ownership, compensation, repayment
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